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American campaign slogan

Trump's "Make America Great Again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign before Trump selected Mike Pence every bit his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Great Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let's Make America Great Again" in his successful 1980 presidential entrada. Bill Clinton also used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential entrada and used it over again in a radio commercial aired for his married woman Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful 2008 presidential master campaign. Douglas Schoen has chosen Trump'south utilize of the phrase "probably the most resonant entrada slogan in contempo history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the state was in decline.[2] [3]

The slogan became a pop culture phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, being used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the U.s., regarding it as dog-whistle politics and coded language.[iv] [v] [vi] [vii] The slogan was besides at the center of two events originally reported inaccurately in most media outlets, the Jussie Smollett set on hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [9] [10] [11]

Use before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was first used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a voice communication at the tertiary session of the 76th United States Congress in apprehension of the 1940 United states of america presidential election: "What is the way? Here is America. There are 130,000,000 of u.s.. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, uppercase, and direction; who can give the homo of enterprise encouragement, who tin can give them the spirit which will afford vision. That will make America great again."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was found in some advertising associated with Barry Goldwater'south unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[13]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Let'south make America great again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the United States was suffering from a worsening economic system at home marked past stagflation and Reagan, using the country's economical distress as a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism among the electorate.[xiv] [15] [16] [17] Within his acceptance speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without task opportunities, nosotros'll stimulate new opportunities, specially in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abandoned hope, we'll restore hope and nosotros'll welcome them into a great national crusade to make America great once again."[eighteen] [19]

Nib Clinton [edit]

The phrase was also used in speeches[twenty] past Pecker Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton as well used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential primary entrada.[22]

During the 2016 electoral campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used as a campaign rallying weep, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give you an economic system you had 50 years ago, and... move you back upwards on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell's volume near her unsuccessful 2010 bid equally the Republican nominee for a United states of america Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin'southward Press on August 16, 2011, as Troublemaker: Let's Do What It Takes to Brand America Great Again.[24]

Use by Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Make America Smashing Again" cap during his 2016 presidential campaign

In December 2011, Trump made a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the hereafter, explaining "I must get out all of my options open up considering, to a higher place all else, we must make America great again."[25] Also in December 2011, he published a volume using as a subtitle the like phrase "Making America #1 Once more" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Bully Again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Make America Great Once more" by stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On January ane, 2012, a grouping of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of State's function to create the "Brand America Dandy Over again Party", which would have allowed Trump to be that party's nominee if he had decided to become a third-party candidate in the 2012 presidential ballot.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November seven, 2012, the twenty-four hours after Barack Obama won his reelection against Mitt Romney. By his own account, Trump first considered "We Will Make America Bang-up", but did not feel like information technology had the right "band" to it. "Make America Great" was his adjacent slogan idea, but upon further reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America because it implied that America was never great. After selecting "Make America Great Once again", Trump immediately had an attorney register it. (Trump afterwards said he was unaware of Reagan'southward use in 1980 until 2015, merely noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On Nov 12 he signed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office requesting exclusive rights to use the slogan for political purposes. It was registered as a service mark on July xiv, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [thirty] Trump used the slogan in public as early every bit Baronial 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Banner displaying "Vote To Make America Neat Again" on a roadside in California soon after the November 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Proceed America Great" lid in Dec 2019

During the 2016 campaign, Trump often used the slogan, especially by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which soon became popular among his supporters.[32] The slogan was so of import to the campaign that at i bespeak it spent more than on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or telly commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the existent hat 10 to one. "...but it was a slogan, and every time somebody buys i, that's an advertisement."[28]

Following Trump'due south election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Go on America Great" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] However, Trump'south 2020 campaign continued to use the "Make America Slap-up Once more" slogan.[35] Trump'south vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "make America groovy again, once more" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech, garnering ridicule and comparisons to the catchphrase "again-once again" from Teletubbies.[36] [37] In late 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was as well mocked.[38]

Less than a week later Trump left office, he spoke to advisors about peradventure establishing a third party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Great Once again Party". In his first few days out of office, he too supported Arizona state party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who likewise called for the cosmos of a "MAGA Party". In belatedly January 2021, the sometime president viewed the proposed MAGA Party as leverage to forbid Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[39] [40]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself by tweeting "My use of social media is not Presidential – it'due south Modern DAY PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Great Again!" on July 1, 2017.[41]

In the first half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[42] In an commodity for Bloomberg News, Marker Whitehouse noted "A regression assay suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a postal service's retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the boilerplate Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[42]

Trump attributed his victory (in part) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[43] According to RiteTag,[44] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: ane,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[44]

Donald Trump set upward his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly following the announcement (June xvi, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring after his securing the Republican Party nomination (May three, 2016) and after winning the presidency.[45]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its use since 2015, information technology is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Vocalism of America journalist, amid others,[five] [half-dozen] explained how it is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't merely appeal to people who hear information technology as racist coded linguistic communication, simply as well to those who have felt a loss of status every bit other groups have become more empowered."[4] Every bit Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates as America First did in the early 1940s, with the idea "that the truthful version of America is the America that looks similar me, the American fantasy I imagine existed earlier it was diluted with other races and other people."[46]

Writing stance for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[w]earing a 'Make America Peachy Once again' hat is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. Simply if you clothing 1, it's a pretty skillful indication that yous share, admire or appreciate President Trump's racist views near Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[half-dozen] The Detroit Costless Printing and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more than in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[47] [48] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan as "fabulous", writing: "It was vague enough to entreatment to optimists generally, while leaving enough of room for biting and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going dorsum to the days when they ran the world."[49] Polling has shown that about ten percent of black voters identified as Trump supporters,[50] [ not-primary source needed ] while near thirty percent of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[51] [ better source needed ]

Australian political commentator and former Liberal party leader John Hewson writes in Jan 2018 that he believes the recent global movements against traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be trivial dubiousness about U.s. President Donald Trump'southward views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'fake news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His ballot campaign theme was effectively a hope to 'Make America Keen Again; America First and Only' and—nod, nod, flash, wink—to Brand America White Again."[52]

Employ by others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 volume titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Merely Liberals – Tin Win the War on Terror and Make America Groovy Again [53] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr afterward the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book nearly her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Let's Do What It Takes To Brand America Nifty Again.[54]

Afterward Donald Trump popularized the employ of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump'southward primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Brand America Great Again" in speeches, inciting Trump to ship cease-and-desist letters to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Brand Trump Argue Once again", in response to Trump's boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016 debate.[55] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such every bit "Make America United mexican states Once more", a critique of Trump's clearing policies regarding the U.S.–Mexico border.[56] [57]

Use by political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that great" during a September 2018 beak signing.[58] [59] Former U.s. Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did you think America was nifty?"[60] [61] During John McCain'due south memorial service on September 1, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no need to exist made great again because America was always not bad."[62] Trump subsequently tweeted "MAKE AMERICA Groovy AGAIN!" later that day.[63]

Use by hate groups [edit]

A 2018 written report using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were commonly used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used equally "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[64]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The last sentence of the speech delivered by him was "brand our planet great again."[65]

During his entrada for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in Oct 2018, former opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Republic of indonesia great again", though he denied having copied Trump.[66]

During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Democratic Party used the slogan "Make European union Lagom Once again".[67] [68]

February 2019 Fridays for Futurity protest in Berlin with the line "Brand Earth Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Hereafter Move have often used slogans like "Make Earth Greta Again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[69] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary motion picture named Make the Earth Greta Again.[70]

In popular civilisation [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Make America Rage Again" stage backdrop reminiscent of the "Make America Great Again" catchphrase as it appears on a MAGA chapeau

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Adult amusement [edit]

  • Adult film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an matter with President Trump, took part in a "Make America Horny Once more" strip society tour. The tour followed Trump'south initial 2016 entrada trail and part of the acquirement was donated to Planned Parenthood.[71]

Advertising [edit]

  • A Dunk-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Make America Dunk Once more".[72]

Artwork [edit]

  • Make Everything Great Again was a street art mural by artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[73] [74]

One-act [edit]

  • Comedian David Cross's 2016 stand-up tour was titled "Making America Great Once again".[75]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, ii Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an clan with Adult Swim and Cartoon Network, and dressed every bit the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Great Once again" hats.[76] [77] [78]

Way [edit]

  • Fashion Designer Andre Soriano used the "Brand America Not bad Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to wear on Red Carpet e.g. 2017 Grammy Awards.[79]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Neat Once more" to Sergeant Nicholas Affections.[80]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Make England Great Again" fez lid in 1 scene.[81]
  • The Syfy film Sharknado v: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Bait Over again".[82]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Year (2016) is "Keep America Great" (a phrase Trump would later utilize as his 2020 campaign slogan); ane of the Tv set spots for the film featured Americans who explained why they back up the Purge, with 1 stating he does so "to keep my land [America] great".[83] The next picture in the franchise, The Kickoff Purge, was later on advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA chapeau.[84]
  • The grapheme Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA hat throughout the moving picture.[85]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin's Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Brand Athens Great Over again" during his campaign against Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat eleven (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombateleven newcomer Kollector to "brand Outworld cracking again".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Make America Nazi-Costless Over again" in its marketing campaign.[86]
  • In Metal Gear Ascent: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Brand America Keen Again" during his speech communication while battling Raiden.[87]

Music [edit]

  • Fall Out Boy released a remix of their album American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Again.[88]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 called M.A.T.A, significant Brand America Trap Once more.[89]
  • Make America Rock Again was a rock concert tour.[90]
  • Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill, called their 2017 nationwide tour the "Make America Rage Again Tour", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA hat.
  • U.k. musician and author James Kennedy released a rock protest album in 2020 called 'Make ANGER Dandy Again'[91]
  • Snoop Dogg released a vocal titled "Make America Crip Again".[92]
  • Frank Turner released a vocal called "Brand America Smashing Once again" on his album Exist More Kind (2018).
  • Singer Joy Villa produced a single "Brand America Great Again" a few months after appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' wearing apparel.[93]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a hat saying Make America Skate again in Gamble the Rapper's video No Trouble
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Again (2019), with encompass art inspired past the Barack Obama "Promise" affiche.[94]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a song titled Make America Great Once again.[95]
  • Metal band Thy Fine art Is Murder released a song called "Brand America Hate Again" on their album Human Target (2019). They also sell a hat with the slogan "Make Deathcore Great Once again".

Sports [edit]

  • Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat saying "Make Baseball Fun Once more" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Writer Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Keen Again" as the presidential entrada slogan for a graphic symbol, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[96] Jarret is described as "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and regime together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[97]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Brand America Date Once again",[98] a satirical book on dating and relationships.

Tv [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his show Last Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Brand Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral proper name of the Trump family.[99] [100] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 1000000 views.[100]
  • In the Southward Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a entrada that is a parody of Trump's, are seen belongings signs bearing the slogan.[101]
  • In the Star Expedition: Discovery episode "What'due south By Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious again", a line that was compared to Trump by many reviewers.[102] [103] [104] [105]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[i]

References [edit]

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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

greenfurday.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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